Bunion Surgery in Miami & Doral, Florida

Bunion Surgery

A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the joint at the base of the big toe where the toe gradually shifts toward the second toe, creating a prominent bump on the inner side of the foot. This occurs as the first metatarsal bone drifts outward, altering joint alignment and placing increased stress on surrounding tendons and soft tissues, often resulting in pain and difficulty with daily activities.

Causes

Bunions are most commonly the result of inherited foot structure and biomechanics. Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of hallux valgus, including abnormalities in foot shape, joint alignment, ligament laxity, and first ray instability. These inherited traits predispose the joint at the base of the big toe to gradually drift out of alignment over time.

Certain medical conditions, such as inflammatory arthritis or neuromuscular disorders, may further increase the risk of bunion formation. Bunions are more frequently seen in women than men, which is believed to be related primarily to genetic and anatomical differences rather than external factors.

Signs and Symptoms

Common signs and symptoms of bunions include:

• Pain during walking or prolonged standing
• Swelling, redness, or calloused skin at the base of the big toe
• Decreased range of motion in the big toe
• Progressive inward drifting of the big toe toward the second toe
• A visible bony prominence on the inside of the foot
• Corns or calluses caused by overlapping toes

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a bunion begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination performed by an orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon. This evaluation focuses on joint alignment, stability, and range of motion, as well as the overall mechanics of the foot. X-rays are typically obtained to measure deformity angles, assess joint integrity, and guide treatment planning.

Treatment

Initial treatment focuses on conservative measures aimed at reducing pain and inflammation. These may include activity modification, orthotics, padding, and anti-inflammatory medications. Physical therapy may also be recommended to improve mobility and reduce stress on the affected joint.

When conservative measures fail to provide adequate relief, surgical correction may be considered.

The goal of bunion surgery is to correct the underlying deformity, restore proper alignment of the foot, and relieve pain. The specific surgical approach is individualized based on the severity of the deformity, joint stability, and patient-specific anatomy.

Minimally Invasive (MIS) Hallux Valgus Correction

Minimally invasive hallux valgus correction is an advanced technique used to treat mild to moderate bunion deformities. The procedure is performed through small incisions, allowing precise correction of bone alignment while minimizing disruption to surrounding soft tissues.

Specialized instruments and imaging guidance are used to realign the bones and stabilize them with internal fixation when necessary. Benefits of minimally invasive surgery may include reduced pain, smaller scars, decreased swelling, and a faster recovery compared to traditional open procedures.

Lapidus Procedure

The Lapidus procedure is commonly recommended for moderate to severe bunion deformities, particularly when instability is present at the base of the first metatarsal. This procedure addresses the underlying structural cause of the bunion by correcting abnormal motion at the first tarsometatarsal joint.

During the procedure, the joint is realigned and fused to restore stability and prevent recurrence. Internal fixation is used to maintain proper alignment during healing. The Lapidus procedure is especially effective for patients with significant deformity or first ray hypermobility.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, complications may occur. Potential risks associated with bunion surgery include:

• Infection
• Recurrence of the deformity
• Nerve irritation or numbness
• Persistent pain or stiffness
• In rare cases, additional surgery may be required.

Post-Operative Care

Patients should carefully follow all post-operative instructions provided by Dr. Pino. Common recommendations include:

• Keeping surgical dressings clean and dry
• Limiting weight-bearing with crutches or a protective boot as directed
• Elevating the foot above heart level to reduce swelling
• Gradual return to activity with guided physical therapy
• Maintaining a healthy diet and avoiding smoking to support healing

Conclusion

Bunions are a common, genetically driven foot deformity that can progressively worsen over time, leading to pain and functional limitations. While many patients achieve symptom relief with non-surgical treatment, surgical correction may be appropriate when discomfort persists. Advanced techniques such as minimally invasive hallux valgus correction and the Lapidus procedure allow for durable correction, improved alignment, and long-term pain relief.

Why Choose Alejandro Pino, MD for Bunion Surgery?

Dr. Alejandro Pino is a fellowship-trained orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon specializing in the evaluation and surgical correction of hallux valgus deformities. His approach to bunion surgery is rooted in identifying and correcting the underlying structural and genetic causes of the deformity rather than simply addressing the visible bump.

Dr. Pino offers the full spectrum of modern bunion correction techniques, including minimally invasive (MIS) hallux valgus correction and the Lapidus procedure, allowing treatment to be tailored to each patient's anatomy, severity of deformity, and lifestyle goals. This individualized approach helps optimize outcomes and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Patients choose Dr. Pino for his:

• Fellowship training in orthopedic foot and ankle surgery
• Expertise in advanced and minimally invasive bunion correction techniques
• Focus on precise deformity correction and long-term foot stability
• Clear communication and patient-centered decision making
• Commitment to restoring function, relieving pain, and improving quality of life

Dr. Pino believes that successful bunion surgery begins with careful diagnosis, thoughtful surgical planning, and a personalized treatment strategy-ensuring patients receive the right procedure for their specific condition.